Gawai Dayak: Dayak Tribe Harvest Ceremony in West Kalimantan

here are many ways to express gratitude, one of which being through a series of rituals. Gawai Dayak is an example of this. This routine ritual is from the Dayak tribe around Pontianak, West Kalimantan and has been part of their tradition for many decades now. The essence of this ceremony is as an expression of gratitude to Jubata (God) for the abundant harvest, and also petitioning that the next harvest will be fruitful as well.

The Gawai Dayak tradition is usually performed over a period of three months by the Dayak tribes, especially the Dayak Iban and DayakDarat, as an expression of gratitude for the plentiful harvest. There are a number of ceremonies to be performed in Gawai Dayak. This traditional ceremony involves a series of steps that have to be completed. A variety of traditional food and a ritual offering are key elements of this ceremony.

Over the years, as time passed, adjustments have been made to Gawai Dayak, however, the traditional ceremony still maintains its key elements. Working with local government Gawai Dayak is now only held for one week, instead of three months, which takes place on the 20th of May every year. This ritual holds much importance to the culture of this tribe and is now known as Pekan Gawai Dayak.

Pekan Gawai Dayak  initially started  from a common desire to strengthen and introduce Dayak traditions to other parts of Indonesia and the world, as well as a form of preservation of their ancestral traditions. In essence, Gawai Dayak is a traditional ritual that was meant as a channel to cultivate and strengthen the Dayak tribe itself, as well as to preserve important elements from the traditional ceremony. This was realized in 1986 and was marked by the Dayak Arts Secretariat (Sekberkesda). Sekberkesda was given the duty to name and conceptualize the Dayak cultural arts which later formed the cultural arts week, now known as Pekan Gawai Dayak.

Since 1986, Pekan Gawai Dayak has been implemented and has received funding from the local government.Lately it has been said that Pekan Gawai Dayak has been tainted by touristic and even political interests. However, regardless of the accusations, Pekan Gawai Dayak has proven to have a positive impact on sustaining, while at the same time, expandingthe Dayak culture through West Kalimantan. It  has encouraged the preservation of the Dayak culture and is also a promotion tool for  tourism to  the area. Moreover, as a potential economic activity, Pekan Gawai Dayak will also provide positive contribution to the community and surrounding areas.

Regardless of the various political issues, Pekan Gawai Dayak receives the support from theDayak cultural community as their activities are concerned with the preservation of local culture. Sekberkesda itself gains support from approximately 23 groups which represent the Dayak sub-tribes around Pontianak, West Kalimantan.

Traditional Gawai Dayak and Pekan Gawai Dayak

   The Gawai Dayak post-harvest tradition includes a series of rituals performed in gratitude to Jubata (God) for the abundance of harvest. Implementation of Gawai Dayak traditionally takes up to three months, which usually falls from April to June. Performers involved in the ceremony wear traditional costume and ornaments such as beads and silver handicrafts.

Held in advance of the GawaiDayak ceremony is Ngampar Bide. This ceremony is performed only before  the implementation of Gawai Dayak and is usually held at Betang Panjang, the traditional long houses in West Kalimantan. The aim of Ngampar Bide is to petition for a smooth execution of the entire Gawai Dayak ceremony, for it to go smoothly and without any interruptions. In Ngampar Bide itself, there are a series of steps, namely Nyangahathn manta’ (a chanted prayer / mantra), before the rest of the ceremony is performed to  the final stage, which is a ritual offering of Buis(traditional offering) to Jubata and the ancestors.

Nyangahatn manta' is divided into three parts, namely Matik,a sort of notification ceremony to the Awa Pama or ancestral spirits and Jubata about the upcoming ceremony, Ngalantekatn, asking for the safety for all involved in the ceremonies, and Mibis, a purification ritual. During the nyangahatn manta’ ceremony, an offering is made and is usually a substance that has not been cooked (manta).

The following ceremony is called Ngadap Buis. At this stage, an offering (Buis) is made, in the form of cooked food and presented to Jubata and the ancestral spirits, as an expression of thankfulness.

Ngampar Bide is attended by all Dayak tribe leaders who also play a role in the Gawai Dayak preparations.  They discuss the preparation, completion, and conduct of the main event, which is a petition for Jubata’s protection and blessing on the entire ceremony.Following Ngampar Bide is Gulung Bide (mat rolling), which marks the end of the ceremony.

Pekan Gawai Dayak is a more modern version of Gawai Dayak. It includes a series of ceremonies mentioned above but within a shorter time period.This ceremony is performed in one weeks’ time, as opposed to three months as is the traditional Gawai Dayak ceremony. It is conducted every 20th of May as directed by the former Governor of West Kalimantan, Kadarusno. This week-long event is not only enlivened by ritual ceremonies but a range of art activities are held that showcase traditions from the whole of Kalimantan.

Cultural seminars and traditional dance performances will usually mark the start of the Pekan Gawai Dayak. There are also special attractions of Dayak culture such as seeing traditional games. There is also a wide variety of stands which offer a variety of cultural products unique to the Dayak culture, such as handicrafts, art products, and traditional Dayak food. There are also a number of races and competitions which last the entire week of Pekan Gawai Dayak, for example, traditional cooking competitions, and other exciting events.

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ICT Advantages & Disadvantages

  ICTs stand for information and communication technologies and are defined, for the purposes, as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.” These technologies include computers, the Internet, broad casting technologies (radio and television), and telephony.

The  Effectiveness  of ICTs in Education

ICTs are a potentially powerful tool for extending educational opportunities, both formal and non-for mal, to previously underserved constituencies—scattered and rural populations, groups traditionally excluded from education due to cultural or social reasons such as ethnic minorities, girls and women, persons with disabilities, and the elderly, as well as all others who for reasons of cost or because of time constraints are unable to enroll on campus.

•  Anytime, anywhere.  One defining feature of ICTs is their ability to transcend time and space. ICTs make possible asynchronous learning, or learning characterized by a time lag between the delivery of instruction and its reception by learners. Online course materials, for example, may be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. ICT-based educational delivery (e.g., educational programming broadcast over radio or television) also dispenses with the need for all learners and the instructor to be in one physical location. Additionally, certain types of ICTs, such as teleconferencing technologies, enable instruction to be received simultaneously by multiple, geographically dispersed learners (i.e., synchronous learning).

•  Access to remote learning resources.  Teachers and learners no longer have to rely solely on printed books and other materials in physical media housed in libraries (and available in limited quantities) for their educational needs. With the Internet and the World Wide Web, a wealth of learning materials in almost every subject and in a variety of media can now be accessed from anywhere at anytime of the day and by an unlimited number of people. This is particularly significant for many schools in developing countries, and even some in developed countries, that have limited and outdated library resources. ICTs also facilitate access to resource persons, mentors, experts, researchers, professionals, business leaders, and peers—all over the world.

·         ICTs help prepare individuals for the workplace.

One of the most commonly cited reasons for using ICTs in the classroom has been to better prepare the current generation of students for a workplace where ICTs, particularly computers, the Internet and related technologies, are becoming more and more ubiquitous. Technological literacy, or the ability to use ICTs effectively and efficiently, is thus seen as representing a competitive edge in an increasingly globalizing job market.

 Benefits/Advantages  of ICT in Education

Here are some of the benefits which ICT brings to education according to recent research findings.

General benefits

·         Greater efficiency throughout the school.

·         Communication channels are increased through email, discussion groups and chat rooms

·         Regular use of ICT across different curriculum subjects can have a beneficial motivational influence on students’ learning.

Benefits for teachers

·         ICT facilitates sharing of resources, expertise and advice

·         Greater flexibility in when and where tasks are carried out

·         Gains in ICT literacy skills, confidence and enthusiasm.

·         Easier planning and preparation of lessons and designing materials

·         Access to up-to-date pupil and school data, any time and anywhere.

·         Enhancement of professional image projected to colleagues.

·         Students are generally more ‘on task’ and express more positive feelings when they use computers than when they are given other tasks to do.

·         Computer use during lessons motivated students to continue using learning outside school hours.

Benefits for students

·         Higher quality lessons through greater collaboration between teachers in planning and preparing resources .

·         More focused teaching, tailored to students’ strengths and weaknesses, through better analysis of attainment data

·         Improved pastoral care and behaviour management through better tracking of students

·         Gains in understanding and analytical skills, including improvements in reading

·         Comprehension.

·         Development of writing skills (including spelling, grammar, punctuation, editing and re-drafting), also fluency, originality and elaboration.

·         Encouragement of independent and active learning, and self-responsibility for learning.

·         Flexibility of ‘anytime, anywhere’ access (Jacobsen and Kremer, 2000)

·         Development of higher level learning styles.

·         Students who used educational technology in school felt more successful in school, were more motivated to learn and have increased self-confidence and self-esteem

·         Students found learning in a technology-enhanced setting more stimulating and student-centred than in a traditional classroom

·         Broadband technology supports the reliable and uninterrupted downloading of web-hosted educational multimedia resources

·         Opportunities to address their work to an external audience

·         Opportunities to collaborate on assignments with people outside or inside school

Benefits for parents

·         Easier communication with teachers

·         Higher quality student reports – more legible, more detailed, better presented

·         Greater access to more accurate attendance and attainment information

·         Increased involvement in education for parents and, in some cases, improved self-esteem

·         Increased knowledge of children’s learning and capabilities, owing to increase in learning activity being situated in the home

·         Parents are more likely to be engaged in the school community

·         You will see that ICT can have a positive impact across a very wide range of aspects of school life.

ICT and Raising Standards

Recent research also points to ICT as a significant contributory factor in the raising of standards of achievement in schools.

• Schools judged by the school inspectors to have very good ICT resources achieved better results than schools with poor ICT.
• Schools that made good use of ICT within a subject tended to have better achievement in that subject than other schools.
• Socio-economic circumstances and prior performance of pupils were not found to be critical.
• Secondary schools with very good ICT resources achieved, on average, better results in English, Mathematics and Science than those with poor ICT resources.

A range of research indicates the potential of ICT to support improvements in aspects of

literacy, numeracy and science.

• Improved writing skills: grammar, presentation, spelling, word recognition and volume of work .
• Age-gains in mental calculations and enhanced number skills, for example the use of decimals .
• Better data handling skills and increased ability to read, interpret and sketch graphs Improvements in conceptual understanding of Mathematics (particularly problem solving) and Science (particularly through use of simulations)

The use of ICTs help improve the quality of education

ICTs can enhance the quality of education in several ways: by increasing learner motivation and engagement by facilitating the acquisition of basic skills, and by enhancing teacher training. ICTs are also transformational tools which, when used appropriately, can promote the shift to a learner-centered environment.

Motivating to learn. ICTs such as videos, television and multimedia computer software that combine text, sound, and colorful, moving images can be used to provide challenging and authentic content that will engage the student in the learning process. Interactive radio likewise makes use of sound effects, songs, dramatizations, comic skits, and other performance conventions to compel the students to listen and become involved in the lessons being delivered. More so than any other type of ICT, networked computers with Internet connectivity can increase learner motivation as it combines the media richness and interactivity of other ICTs with the opportunity to connect with real people and to participate in real world events.

Facilitating the acquisition of basic skills. The transmission of basic skills and concepts that are the foundation of higher order thinking skills and creativity can be facilitated by ICTs through drill and practice. Educational television programs such as Sesame Street use repetition and reinforcement to teach the alphabet, numbers, colors, shapes and other basic concepts. Most of the early uses of computers were for computer-based learning (also called computer-assisted instruction) that focused on mastery of skills and content through repetition and reinforcement.

Enhancing teacher training. ICTs have also been used to improve access to and the quality of teacher training. For example, At Indira Gandhi National Open University, satellite-based one-way video- and two-way audio-conferencing was held in 1996, supplemented by print-materials and recorded video, to train 910 primaryschool teachers and facilitators from 20 district training institutes in Karnataka State. The teachers interacted with remote lecturers by telephone and fax

Examples of ICT-based activities

What kind of classroom activities are suited to the use of ICT? The following is a brief guide to some of the most common uses of ICT in teaching and learning.

Finding out

Students can use ICT to find out information and to gain new knowledge in several ways. They may find information on the Internet or by using an ICT-based encyclopedia such as Microsoft Encarta. They may find information by extracting it from a document prepared by the teacher and made available to them via ICT, such as document created using Microsoft Word or a Microsoft PowerPoint slideshow. They may find out information by communicating with people elsewhere using email, such as students in a different school or even in a different country.

Processing knowledge

Students can use ICT as part of a creative process where they have to consider more carefully the information which they have about a given subject. They may need to carry out calculations (eg. by using Microsoft Excel), or to check grammar and spelling in a piece of writing (perhaps using Microsoft Word), or they may need to re-sequence a series of events (for example by re-ordering a series of Microsoft PowerPoint slides).

Sharing knowledge

Students can use ICT to present their work in a highly professional format. They can create documents and slideshows to demonstrate what they have learned, and then share this with other students, with their teacher, and even via email with people all around the world.

Computers and the Internet use for teaching and learning

There are three general approaches to the instructional use of computers and the Internet, namely:

1)  Learning about computers and the Internet, in which technological literacy is the end goal;

2) Learning with computers and the Internet, in which the technology facilitates learning across the curriculum; and

3) Learning through computers and the Internet, integrating technological skills development with curriculum applications.

Learn about computers and the Internet

Learning about computers and the Internet focuses on developing technological literacy. It typically includes:

•        Fundamentals: basic terms, concepts and operations

•        Use of the keyboard and mouse

•        Use of productivity tools such as word processing, spreadsheets, data base and graphics programs

•        Use of research and collaboration tools such as search engines and email

•        Basic skills in using programming and authoring applications such as Logo or HyperStudio

•        Developing an awareness of the social impact of technological change.

Learning with computers and the Internet

Learning with the technology means focusing on how the technology can be the means to learning ends across the curriculum. It includes:

•Presentation, demonstration, and the manipulation of data using productivity tools

•Use of curriculum-specific applications types such as educational games, drill and practice, simulations, tutorials, virtual laboratories, visualizations and graphical representations of abstract concepts, musical composition, and expert systems

•Use of information and resources on CD-ROM or online such as encyclopedia, interactive mapsand atlases, electronic journals and other references.

Technological literacy is required for learning with technologies to be possible, implying a two-step process in which students learn about the technologies before they can actually use them to learn.

Learning through computers and the Internet mean

Learning through computers and the Internet combines learning about them with learning with them. It involves learning the technological skills “just-in-time” or when the learner needs to learn them as he or she engages in a curriculum-related activity.

Computers and the Internet used in distance education

Many higher educational institutions offering distance education courses have started to leverage the Internet to improve their programme’s reach and quality.

Disadvantages of ICT

                One of the major barriers for the cause of ICT not reaching its full potential in the foundation stage is teacher’s attitude. According to Hara (2004), within the early years education attitudes towards ICT can vary considerably. Some see it as a potential tool to aid learning whereas others seem to disagree with the use of technology in early year settings. Blatchford and Whitebread (2003:16), suggests that the use of ICT in the foundation stage is “unhealthy and hinders learning”. Other early years educators who are opposed to offering ICT experiences within the educational settings take a less extreme view than this and suggest that ICT is fine, but there are other more vital experiences that young children will benefit from, (Blatchford and Whitebread, 2003). In theory some people may have the opinion that the teachers who had not experienced ICT throughout their learning tend to have a negative attitude towards it, as they may lack the training in that area of the curriculum.

              Another important drawback to using ICT in schools is the fact that computers are expensive. According to the IT learning exchange (2001), in most schools ICT will be the single largest curriculum budget cost. This may be seen as a good thing but on the other hand there will be little money left over for other significant costs. (Source: http://ict-adv-disadv.blogspot.com)

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What Is ICT Education and Why Is It Important?

 Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) education is basically our society’s efforts to teach its current and emerging citizens valuable knowledge and skills around computing and communications devices, software that operates them, applications that run on them and systems that are built with them.

What are these things? How do they work? How do you use them productively? How are they deployed, assembled, managed and maintained to create productive systems? How they are used in specific business and industry settings? What are the underlying science and technologies behind them and how might those be developed to advance ICT fields?

ICT is complex and quickly changing, and it is confusing for many people. It is so pervasive in the modern world that everyone has some understanding of it, but those understandings are often wildly divergent.

There are many important dimensions to ICT education, including:

• ICT/Digital Literacy – Today, everyone needs a basic understanding of ICT and how to make productive use of it, just to be good students, workers and citizens. Teaching people how to be competent basic users of ICT technologies is an important role of ICT education, so they will be successful in their academic and work careers, and so they can efficiently participate in modern technical society. As part of its study validating U.S. Department of Labor IT Competency model content in California, MPICT determined with 99% confidence California employer agreement with the following statements regarding Digital Literacy:
  
  • “Information and communication technologies (ICT) competencies are increasingly important for most of our employers, regardless of role. If there was an agreed-upon standard for "digital literacy", or ICT competencies expected of all workers, regardless of workplace role, my organization would value a credential based on that standard as a way of validating ICT skills for non-ICT workers.” (70.5% agree or very much agree)
    
  • “In the 21st century, an ability to work with information and communication technologies is becoming as essential to education, life and workplace success as "reading, writing and arithmetic".” ICT Digital Literacy should be considered a basic skill by educational systems, something taught to and assessed for all students. (85.2% agree or very much agree)
    
  • This study details 49 competencies for ICT User level knowledge and skills, as an actionable, teachable and assessable definition of what people need to know and be able to do to be “digitally literate.”
    
• ICT Infrastructure and Support Applied Technologists – Beyond a basic user competency, our society also needs more knowledgeable and capable technical people to deploy, manage and maintain ICT equipment, software and systems, so they work well for users. In all industries, these people manage computer and communications hardware, software and applications; networked systems; online information sharing, communication and commerce systems; business processes making use of these systems; and user support.
  
• Specialized Business and Industry Uses of ICT – As enabling technologies, ICT is used strategically in almost all businesses and industries. Many have developed specialized systems and uses of ICT, and many have specialized legal and regulatory requirements; quality control systems; integrations with production and research equipment and systems; security requirements; and software applications. For example:
  
  • Bioscience industries rely on specialized ICT systems and applications to conduct research, analyze organic materials, produce biotech products and do required reporting;
    
  • Financial services industries rely on ICT to maintain customer records, do business, conduct trades, do financial reporting, secure proprietary information and comply with regulations;
    
  • Manufacturing industries use specialized computer controlled systems and robotics to design, produce and test products.
    
  • Property management operations use ICT to network and control heating and cooling, lighting and building access systems.
    
  • Electric utilities use ICT to monitor and manage electricity distribution, customer billing and smart metering systems.
    
  • Telecommunications, cable TV and other entertainment industries use ICT to store content, manage customers and deliver their services.
    
  We need to develop a competent workforce that understands not only relevant technologies, but also specialized business and industry environments and operations, to meet these specialized needs.
  
  
• ICT Research and Development Scientists – ICT fields themselves are under constant pressure to evolve and improve. We need people who deeply understand the science and technologies underlying ICT and who can work to advance the fields.

In virtually all modern businesses and industries, and in modern society in general, ICT has key strategic roles. It is strategically important to develop citizens and workers who can competently and efficiently operate and add value in these systems and environments. (Source: http://www.mpict.org)

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Tempat Menakjubkan di Bumi

Tempat-tempat unik ini rasanya seperti tidak berada dibumi. Tapi memang benar-benar ada di bumi. Rasanya seperti di planet lain atau di dunia peri atau dongeng. Warna-warni yang indah, tempat yang menakjubkan, sungguh sulit dipercaya bahwa ini benar-benar di bumi. Tempat apa aja sih? Coba aja lihat dan kamu pasti bingung dan bertanya-tanya "emang bener ini di bumi?" Sekali lagi, ini di bumi dan benar-benar ada.

1. Bukit Danxia

Source: keepo.me
Bukit ini terletak di China.Memang rasanya aneh kok warna-warni begini tapi itu karena adanya warna vegatasi yang tersusun dari berbagai warna, bukit ini di kenal dengan sebutan The Zhange Danxia Landform.

2. Cottong Casel

Source: keepo.me
Selain sebagai sarana wisata Cottong Casel memiliki keunikan yaitu setiap pengunjung bebas berenang disini. Iya, berenang. Itu bukan es yang beku tapi air yang sangat jernih sampai terlihat seperti es beku ya.

3. Hydrothermal Vents

Source: keepo.me
Pernah nonton film planet Mars? Kalau belum dan penasaran ingin merasakan berada di planet merah tersebut, sekarang kamu gak perlu nunggu menjadi miliarder agar bisa berkunjung ke planet merah itu karena di Ethiopia lebih tepatnya di daerah pegunungan Dallol terdapat lembah yang hampir atau bahkan menyerupai planet merah.

4. Gua Kembang Api

Source: keepo.me
Tempat ini berada di bagian utara Selandia Baru, kamu akan terkesima dengan penampakan cahaya temaram yang berwarna-warni yang terdapat dalam Gua Waitomo. Cahaya yang menyala ini rupanya berasal dari kumbang api yang hanya ada di Selandia Baru. Indah, bukan?

5. Pepohonan Dragonblood

Source: keepo.me
Dracena Cinnabari adalah sejenis tumbuhan Socotra yang hanya hidup di beberapa pulau kecil dan tersebar di kepulauan Hindia, Pohon ini juga biasa disebut dengan sebutan DragonBlood, dengan lebar mahkota sepanjang hampir setengah meter.

6. Giant’s causeway

Source: keepo.me
Ada yang bilang bahwa bebatuan segi enam ini merupakan hasil erupsi dari gunung yang terletak didaerah Count Atrim, Irlandia Utara pada 60 juta tahun yang lalu. Wow!

7. Gurun Berwarna

Source: keepo.mespan>
Gurun berwarna ini terletak di Taman Nasional Pegunungan Lassen, California Utara, dari hasil penelitian gurun-gurun ini merupakan hasil dari erupsi gunung berapi setempat.

8. Fortress of Solitude

Source: keepo.me
Ini adalah Naica Mine, sebuah gua yang terletak di Mexico. Keunikan dari gua ini adalah terdapatnya bebatuan kristal yang bisa mencapai ketinggian hingga 3 meter, jika mengunjungi gua ini pastikan kamu membawa perlengkapan yang benar, dan ingat tidak lebih dari 30 menit, karena tekanan oksigen disini sangat rendah.

9. Pegunungan Roraima

Source: keepo.mespan>
Inilah gunung inspirasi film UP buatan Disney Pixar? Pegunungan Roraima sendiri terletak di bagian pegunungan Pakaraima yang terletak di perbatasan Venezuela, Brasil dan Guyana.

10. Danau Baikal

Source: keepo.me
Danau ini terletak di Russia, inilah danau terbesar yang ada di dunia. Danau ini adalah danau air tawar yang jika membeku pada angka dibawah nol derajat celcius akan membentu sebuah balok-balok kristal yang sangat indah untuk diabadikan dengan kamera.

11. Vast Place

Source: keepo.mespan>
Ini adalah Gurun Namib di Afrika Selatan, memiliki luas lebih dari 2.000 kilometer yang terdiri dari pasir laut di dekat pantai, dan dataran kerikil dan singkapan gunung yang tersebar lebih jauh ke pedalaman padang pasir.

12. Grand Prismatic Spring

Source: keepo.me
Ini adalah danau Grand Prismatic Spring terletak di Wyoming, Amerika Serikat, dan merupakan salah satu sumber air panas terbesar di Amerika Serikat, dan terbesar ketiga di dunia.

13. Salar De Uyuni

Source: keepo.me
Inilah pantai garam terbesar didunia yang terletak di Bolivia.

14. Iceland Caves

Source: keepo.me
Di Skatafell, Islandia saat musim gugur sudah terbentuk gua es yang terbentuk dan bertahan disepanjang musik dingin, jika kamu ingin melihat keindahannya lebih baik kamu mengunjunginya ketika musim dingin berlangsung dan hindari mengunjungi gua ini pada pergantian musim karena langit-langit gua dapat runtuh setiap saat.

15. The West

Source: keepo.me
Gua ini adalah tujuan favorit bagi para wisatawan di Portugal, keunikan dari gua ini adalah adanya lubang di bagian langit-langit kubah yang seakan mengarah ke surga.

16. Red Seabeach

Source: keepo.me
Spesies rumput yang dikenal sebagai Sueda adalah salah satu dari beberapa spesies yang dapat hidup di tanah alkali, rumput ini banyak terdapat di Dawa County, Panjin, Liaoning, Cina.

17. Spotted Lake

Source: keepo.me
Danau yang mengandung alkal ini terletak di bagian Osoyoos, Kanada. Keunikan dari danau ini adalah kandungan mineralnya yang sangat tinggi.

18. Pantai Menyala

Source: keepo.me
Di Maladewa, pantai ini biasa disebut dengan Glowing Beach, hemat katanya pantai ini bisa menyala pada malam hari. Hal ini karena terdapat beberapa spesies plankton yang dikenal bisa menghasilkan cahaya pada malam hari.

19. Lembah kematian

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Source: keepo.me Death Valley, lembah ini terletak di Amerika Utara, lebih tepatnya dibagian California, lembah ini dikenal dengan minimnya air hujan yang turun, sehingga membuat lingkungan disekitarnya kering kerontang.

20. Gurun 7 Warna

Source: keepo.me
Gurun tujuh warna (The Seven Colored Earths) adalah fenomena geologi yang bisa ditemukan di Mauritius, ini adalah sebuah padang gurun kecil yang memiliki tuju warna; merah, cokelat, violet, hijau, biru, ungu dan kuning.

Source: hello-pet.com

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Amplang : The Amazing Tasty Snack

 

    Amplang is a traditional savoury fish cracker snack commonly found in Indonesia especially in Kalimantan. Amplang crackers are commonly made of ikan tenggiri (wahoo) or any type of spanish mackerel, mixed with starch and other materials, and then fried. The shape and size of amplang might vary, from traditional elongated "tiger nail" shape (hence also known in its other name kuku macan), dice-shaped to pingpong ball size and shape, and the color is ranged from yellow to light brown.

    In Indonesia, amplang is traditionally associated with Smarinda, the capital city of East Kalimantan, since the amplang cracker home industry has thrived in the city since the 1970s. Traditionally amplang was made from ikan pipih or ikan belida (Notopterus chitala), however since this freshwater fish has become scarce, amplang maker has replaced them with ikan tenggiri (wahoo) or gabus (snakehead). From Samarinda, the popularity of this savoury fish cracker spread to other cities in the Borneo island, such as Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Pontianak and Ketapang.

    Amplang is often sought as oleh-oleh (foodstuff gift or souvenir) by those who visited East Kalimantan. Today, amplang made by home industries in Kalimantan has been widely distributed, available in marketplaces and supermarkets in Indonesian cities, such as Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Medan.

    Amplang commonly produced by home industries in Samarinda, East Kalimantan in Indonesia. Other than Samarinda, amplang production centres also can be found in Balikpapan, Pontianak, Ketapang in West Kalimantan and Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan. Today, the entrepreneurs of amplang in East Kalimantan not only produce the snack in the taste of fish, but also in other different flavours, such as crab and seaweed.

So if you want to taste it, you can order at CP: 089694123475 ^_^

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What’s Your Personality Color?

    

 -BLACK-

Black is one of the most beautiful colors and yet it is the absence of color. If a job needs finishing, these are the people to finish it. They need leaders, though, to tell them what needs to be done. Under guidance, they are able to get to the crux of the matter and solve very large problems.
When put in a position to find the mistakes of others, they are right at home. Finding others' mistakes brings out their tenacious spirits. Black will sometimes intentionally find mistakes just so that they can repair them.
Sometimes, when one wears black, they do not want to be touched. Putting a barrier between themselves and others is the purpose of this color.
Black is a relief color for most people, like "Mom's apple pie". It makes them feel comfortable and even, in some cases, smaller, allowing them to hide from the world. 

-BLUE-

Blue is an emotional color. Blues stay inside themselves and do not trust people very much. They watch every move others make.
Pale shades of blue show people who want everything in order. Their closet is immaculate.
People who prefer this color frequently use their emotions to make decisions. They are also easily affected by the moods of those around them. Showing signs of co-dependency, they need you to be by their side experiencing their feelings.

  

-GREEN-

Green is the color of healing. Greens want to help every one. Preferring to watch rather than to become involved in others business, they usually keep their thoughts secret. Others see them as good listeners because of this quality. This characteristic makes them wonderful counselors.
In order for Greens to feel good about themselves, they have to be helping someone or something. Nurturers by choice, they are the ones who take care of other people, animals and plants.

-ORANGE-

Orange are nature lovers. Being sports minded, they love anything to do with the outdoors. Taking long walks in the woods revives them. Trees and animals mean a lot to them and they want to be a part of nature. Good professions for Orange include farmers, ranchers, football players, and guides.
People always say good things about these down to earth people. Although they may sometimes invoke anger from others, it usually doesn't last very long. Who can remain mad at someone so helpful?
Tending to support the underdog, they will try to help someone who they feel needs assistance. Always aware of their surroundings, they tend to be more adventurous than most. Even though they are impulsive and thoughtful, they generally are very much aware of what they are doing.
Learning and remembering through experience is a strong suit of theirs. Orange believe they are meant to have all the good things in life.

-PURPLE-

Purple is the color of spirituality. Purple are always striving to be better than they consider themselves to be, both on a spiritual, emotional and mental plane.
Needing more knowledge, they become avid readers. Trying to become what they think they should be, they search their own lives and the lives of others to find the answers. A good theological discussion is right up their alley.
Wanting to help as many people as they can, they are more than willing to give you the benefit of their education. Trying to achieve perfection, they seem to struggle with themselves more than most because they tend to be so critical of themselves.

-RED-

Red is the color for passion, energy, and money making. Reds are dynamic and love the outdoors and anything to do with people.
Reds in their true red mode are sexy and seductive. Men prefer to watch a women wearing red, even though she may not be the most beautiful woman in the room.
It is also the color for someone who wants to have power and be in control. Business people who want to win, wear this powerful color to meetings in which they want to stand out. Red makes one feel more energetic or activated. Stop signs are red. Red gets your attention. This energetic personality craves attention and what's more they get it. Being quick with their emotions, they may erupt into a temperamental volcano right in front of you then simmer down just as quickly.

-YELLOW-

 

Yellow are business minded and want others to know they are well educated. They strive to attain success through anything that requires mental abilities.
Making good leaders, they generally make up their mind in a methodical way. Every detail needs to be analyzed before they make a move. Any strategic game peaks their interest. Chess is the game for them.
Yellow may be a little stubborn. When the color moves toward a mustard shade, yellow feel that they are the only ones making the right decisions.
The true yellow makes wise decisions after considering all points of view. When they are under stress, they feel that they need to hide their emotions. If they show stress, it is a sign of weakness and vulnerability.
Keeping to themselves without inviting many others into their lives, they generally only have one or two good friends. These friends are usually people who are also business minded, although the true yellow depends on no one but themselves. Adoring tailored clothing, they usually dress quite professionally. Although the women may add larger accessories, they dress with a simple flair.

-WHITE-

White is the color of purity. The color of new snow or light from above. What we fail to see is that snow and light have impurities in them but seem to be the purest of all sights.
Shyness comes with this color but it is not a true shyness. Waiting patiently for others to notice them before they make their thoughts known, they tend to appear shy but in truth, they are very outspoken.
Virginal attitudes abound with these people. They feel pure no matter what they do. The virtue of purity is attributed to them by others as well, whether they deserve this characteristic or not. White feel they are right in their belief structures although they are not sure they want to discuss those beliefs with others. The fact that they know they are right is enough for them.

-PINK-

Pink  want to draw the little smiley faces on everything. Pinks are usually either in a blissful state or looking for one. Pink try to see the best in others. If they don't find something good in a person, then there has to be a very good explanation in the pink's mind as to why not.
Pinks quietly study the best way to approach problems and then take action.
Pinks see the world through rose colored glasses. The truth of the matter is that it might be nice if we could all put those glasses on now and then. They are shy, hard working people who wish they were more part of the mainstream but are frightened of moving too quickly. Pink watch what they do or say because they are afraid that others may see them in a harsh light. They try to make everyone happy.

 

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